Preliminaries A calligraphic letter \({\mathcal{X}}\) indicates a set, an italic uppercase letter X denotes a graph, uppercase X denotes a matrix, lowercase x denotes a vector, and a monospaced letter X indicates a tuple. Uppercase letter \({\mathsf{X}}\) indicates a random variable, and lowercase letter \({\mathsf{x}}\) indicates its corresponding value; bold uppercase \({\boldsymbol{\mathsf{X}}}\) denotes a set of random variables, and lowercase …
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Analog optical computer for AI inference and combinatorial optimization
Experimental set-up The key components of our experimental set-up are shown in Fig. 1a and Extended Data Fig. 1. Optical subsystem The optical subsystem performs matrix–vector multiplication. The basic components are the optical sources (input vector), a system of fan-out optics to project the light onto the modulator matrix and a system of fan-in optics to project the light onto a …
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