Cisco is urging customers to patch two security flaws impacting the VPN web server of Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software, which it said have been exploited in the wild.
The zero-day vulnerabilities in question are listed below –
- CVE-2025-20333 (CVSS score: 9.9) – An improper validation of user-supplied input in HTTP(S) requests vulnerability that could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with valid VPN user credentials to execute arbitrary code as root on an affected device by sending crafted HTTP requests
- CVE-2025-20362 (CVSS score: 6.5) – An improper validation of user-supplied input in HTTP(S) requests vulnerability that could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access restricted URL endpoints without authentication by sending crafted HTTP requests
Cisco said it’s aware of “attempted exploitation” of both vulnerabilities, but did not reveal who may be behind it, or how widespread the attacks are. It’s suspected that the two vulnerabilities are being chained to bypass authentication and execute malicious code on susceptible appliances.
It also credited the Australian Signals Directorate, Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, U.K. National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), and U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) for supporting the investigation.
CISA Issues Emergency Directive ED 25-03
In a separate alert, CISA said it’s issuing an emergency directive urging federal agencies to identify, analyze, and mitigate potential compromises with immediate effect. In addition, both vulnerabilities have been added to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, giving the agencies 24 hours to apply the necessary mitigations.
“CISA is aware of an ongoing exploitation campaign by an advanced threat actor targeting Cisco Adaptive Security Appliances (ASA),” the agency noted.
“The campaign is widespread and involves exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities to gain unauthenticated remote code execution on ASAs, as well as manipulating read-only memory (ROM) to persist through reboot and system upgrade. This activity presents a significant risk to victim networks.”
The agency also noted that the activity is linked to a threat cluster dubbed ArcaneDoor, which was previously identified as targeting perimeter network devices from several vendors, including Cisco, to deliver malware families like Line Runner and Line Dancer. The activity was attributed to a threat actor dubbed UAT4356 (aka Storm-1849).
“This threat actor has demonstrated a capability to successfully modify ASA ROM at least as early as 2024,” CISA added. “These zero-day vulnerabilities in the Cisco ASA platform are also present in specific versions of Cisco Firepower. Firepower appliances’ Secure Boot would detect the identified manipulation of the ROM.”
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